Synthetic intelligence (AI) brokers are posing a problem to the incumbent international card funds infrastructure that’s struggling to course of high-frequency micropayments, based on a joint report launched by funds big Visa and funding thesis platform Artemis.
The joint report printed Wednesday discovered that conventional playing cards had been constructed for human commerce with low-frequency transactions, which is inadequate for AI brokers, which want infrastructure with near-zero charges and quicker settlement to make agentic micropayments commercially viable.
New infrastructure is more and more mandatory since AI brokers crossed a key functionality threshold in mid-2025, enabling them to find unfamiliar APIs, consider costs and resolve on autonomous funds.
The report discovered that AI brokers are initiating a foundational change in commerce, however the present infrastructure gaps are limiting their mainstream adoption.
Australian crypto trade Swyftx earlier this week mentioned that AI-enabled microbusinesses may drive a further $262 billion in stablecoin quantity by 2033, through AI-native funds settled in stablecoins, based mostly on an assumed adoption price of about 33%.
Machine-native micropayment necessities. Supply: Artemis, Visa
Some agentic fee requirements are already displaying indicators of consumer adoption, such because the x402 fee protocol developed by Coinbase.
The x402 prot processed $15 million in adjusted quantity throughout over 109 million adjusted transactions because it was launched in Might 2025. It noticed a pointy acceleration in October 2025, when the month-to-month transaction rely rose from 40,000 to three.8 million, resulting in 38 million transactions processed in October alone.
Cumulative adjusted quantity on x402 fee protocol. Supply: Artemis, Visa
Stablecoins may stoke machine-native micropayments development
A single machine-payments framework may assist each stablecoin and conventional card transactions, Visa and Artemis mentioned, including:
“The trajectory factors towards convergence somewhat than competitors: playing cards for proxy purchases inside current service provider networks, stablecoins for machine-native micropayments, and hybrid flows the place each are used inside the similar workflow.”
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The report mentioned {that a} single machine fee framework can assist each stablecoin-based flows and card transactions, making a path into agentic fee flows for card networks.
It added that Tempo’s Machine Fee Protocol (MPP) now spans each onchain crypto funds and fiat funds through shared fee tokens. Visa mentioned its Card Specification SDK was designed to increase the protocol into card-based agent commerce.
Visa’s crypto division and Stripe-backed Tempo each launched AI instruments in March. Visa’s permits AI brokers to make same-day funds. That month, Tempo debuted its Machine Funds Protocol, designed to make it simpler for AI actors to ship and obtain cash.
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